EU AI Act Compliance Checker

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The EU AI Act came into force on 1 August 2024. There now follows an implementation period of two to three years as various parts of the Act come into force on different dates. Our implementation timeline provides an overview of all key dates relating to the Act’s implementation.

During the implementation period, the European standards bodies are expected to develop standards for the AI Act.

The Act’s regulatory framework defines four levels of risk for AI systems: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal or no risk. Systems posing unacceptable risks, such as threatening people’s safety, livelihood, and rights – from social scoring by governments to toys using voice assistance – will be prohibited. High-risk systems, such as those used in critical infrastructure or law enforcement, will face strict requirements, including around risk assessment, data quality, documentation, transparency, human oversight, and accuracy. Systems posing limited risks, like chatbots, must adhere to transparency obligations so users know they are not interacting with humans. Minimal risk systems like games and spam filters can be freely used.

It is uncertain what share of AI systems will be in the high-risk category, as both the field of AI and the law are still evolving. The European Commission estimated in an impact study that only 5-15% of applications would be subject to stricter rules. A study by appliedAI of 106 enterprise AI systems found that 18% were high-risk, 42% low-risk, and 40% unclear if high or low risk. The system with unclear risk classification in this study were mainly within the areas of critical infrastructure, employment, law enforcement, and product safety. In a related survey of 113 EU AI startups, 33% of the startups surveyed believed that their AI systems would be classified as high-risk, compared to the 5-15% assessed by the European Commission.

Based on the European Parliament’s adopted position, using prohibited AI practices outlined in Article 5 can result in fines of up to €40 million, or 7% of worldwide annual turnover – whichever is higher. Not complying with the data governance requirements (under Article 10) and the requirements for transparency and provision of information (under Articles 13) can lead to fines up to €20 million, or 4% of worldwide turnover if that is higher. Non-compliance with any other requirements or obligations can result in fines of up to €10 million or 2% of worldwide turnover – again, whichever is higher. Fines are tiered depending on the provision violated, with prohibited practices receiving the highest penalties and other violations receiving lower maximum fines.

The EU AI Act aims to provide support for SMEs and startups as specified in Article 55. Specific measures include granting priority access for SMEs and EU-based startups to regulatory sandboxes if eligibility criteria are met. Additionally, tailored awareness raising and digital skills development activities will be organised to address the needs of smaller organisations. Moreover, dedicated communication channels will be set up to offer guidance and respond to queries from SMEs and startups. Participation of SMEs and other stakeholders in the standards development process will also be encouraged. To reduce the financial burden of compliance, conformity assessment fees will be lowered for SMEs and startups based on factors like development stage, size, and market demand. The Commission will regularly review certification and compliance costs for SMEs/startups (with input from transparent consultations) and work with Member States to reduce these costs where possible.

Yes! The Commission, the AI Office, and/or Member States will encourage voluntary codes of conduct for requirements under Title III, Chapter 2 (e.g. risk management, data governance, and human oversight) for AI systems not deemed to be high-risk. These codes of conduct will provide technical solutions for how an AI system can meet the requirements, according to the system’s intended purpose. Other objectives like environmental sustainability, accessibility, stakeholder participation, and diversity of development teams will be considered. Small businesses and startups will be taken into account when encouraging codes of conduct. See Article 69 on Codes of Conduct for Voluntary Application of Specific Requirements.