(32) The use of AI systems for ‘real-time’ remote biometric identificationbiometric identificationmeans the automated recognition of physical, physiological, behavioural, or psychological human features for the purpose of establishing the identity of a natural person by comparing biometric databiometric datameans personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic dataArticle 3(34) of that individual to biometric databiometric datameans personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic dataArticle 3(34) of individuals stored in a databaseArticle 3(35) of natural persons in publicly accessible spaces for the purpose of law enforcementlaw enforcementmeans activities carried out by law enforcement authorities or on their behalf for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including safeguarding against and preventing threats to public securityArticle 3(46) is particularly intrusive to the rights and freedoms of the concerned persons, to the extent that it may affect the private life of a large part of the population, evoke a feeling of constant surveillance and indirectly dissuade the exercise of the freedom of assembly and other fundamental rightsfundamental rightsIncludes human dignity, right to life, prohibition of torture, protection of personal datapersonal dataAny information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ('data subjectsubjectfor the purpose of real-world testing, means a natural person who participates in testing in real-world conditionsArticle 3(58)data subjectsubjectfor the purpose of real-world testing, means a natural person who participates in testing in real-world conditionsArticle 3(58)An identified or identifiable natural person to whom personal data relateGDPR Art. 4(1)'). Includes name, ID number, location data, online identifiers, or factors specific to physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identityGDPR Art. 4(1), freedom of expression, non-discrimination, equality between women and men, rights of the child, right to an effective remedy and fair trialCharter of Fundamental Rights Art. 1–54. Technical inaccuracies of AI systems intended for the remote biometric identificationbiometric identificationmeans the automated recognition of physical, physiological, behavioural, or psychological human features for the purpose of establishing the identity of a natural person by comparing biometric databiometric datameans personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic dataArticle 3(34) of that individual to biometric databiometric datameans personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic dataArticle 3(34) of individuals stored in a databaseArticle 3(35) of natural persons can lead to biased results and entail discriminatory effects. Such possible biased results and discriminatory effects are particularly relevant with regard to age, ethnicity, race, sex or disabilities. In addition, the immediacy of the impact and the limited opportunities for further checks or corrections in relation to the use of such systems operating in real-time carry heightened risks for the rights and freedoms of the persons concerned in the context of, or impacted by, law enforcementlaw enforcementmeans activities carried out by law enforcement authorities or on their behalf for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including safeguarding against and preventing threats to public securityArticle 3(46) activities.